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ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the correlation between total lymphocyte and CD3+ T cell counts in peripheral blood in renal transplant patients treated with anti-thymocyte globulin, and discuss related outcomes. Methods: A single-center, retrospective study involving 226 patients submitted to kidney transplant between 2008 and 2013, and treated with anti-thymocyte globulin for induction or treatment of cellular rejection. Doses were adjusted according to CD3+ T cell or total lymphocyte counts in peripheral blood. Results: A total of 664 paired samples were analyzed. The Spearman's correlation coefficient was 0.416 (p<0.001) for all samples combined; the overall Kappa coefficient was 0.267 (p<0.001). Diagnostic parameters estimated based on total lymphocyte counts were also calculated using the number of CD3+ T cells (gold standard), with a cut off of >20 cells/mm3. Conclusion: Total lymphocyte and CD3+ T cell counts in peripheral blood are not equivalent monitoring strategies in anti-thymocyte globulin therapy.
RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar a correlação entre a contagem de linfócitos totais e células T CD3+ no sangue periférico em receptores de transplante renal submetidos a tratamento com globulina antitimocitária, e discutir resultados relacionados. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de centro único envolvendo 226 pacientes submetidos a transplante renal entre 2008 e 2013 e tratados com globulina antitimocitária, para fins de indução ou tratamento de rejeição celular. As doses foram ajustadas de acordo com a contagem de células T CD3+ ou linfócitos totais no sangue periférico. Resultados: No total, 664 amostras pareadas foram analisadas. O coeficiente de correlação de Spearman para as amostras em geral foi de 0,416 (p<0,001) e o coeficiente Kappa, de 0,267 (p<0,001). Os parâmetros diagnósticos estimados com base na contagem de linfócitos totais foram recalculados, empregando-se o número de células T CD3+ (padrão-ouro) e adotando-se o ponto de corte >20 células/mm3. Conclusão: A contagem de linfócitos totais no sangue periférico não substitui a contagem de células T CD3+ enquanto estratégia de monitorização da terapia à base de globulina antitimocitária.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Kidney Transplantation , CD3 Complex , Thymocytes/immunology , Transplant Recipients , Graft Rejection/therapy , Isoantibodies/therapeutic use , Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use , T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Monitoring, Immunologic/instrumentation , Survival Analysis , Retrospective Studies , Lymphocyte Count , Flow Cytometry/methods , Immunotherapy/methods , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Complement system is a central part of the innate immune response that has developed as a first defense against non-self cells.Complement activation has traditionally been considered part of the body's immunosurveillance against cancer.However,recent studies have demonstrated that activated components of the complement system can assist the escape of tumor cells from immunosurveillance,promote angiogenesis,activate mitogenic signaling pathways,sustain cellular proliferation and insensitivity to apoptosis,and participate in tumor cell invasion and migration.This review reviewed the progress of complement activation and tumor immune surveillance and immune evasion,in order to provide a new strategy for antitumor immunotherapy.
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Sepsis is essentially a result from immunological dissonance provoked by severe insults such as fulminant infection,severe trauma and extensive burns.It originates from excessive inflammatory responses and develops into immune paralysis or immunosupression.It has been demonstrated that cellular immune response plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of sepsis.In the stage of excessive inflammation,several kinds of immune cells are activated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and subsequently produce a vast number of pro-inflammatory cytokines,while during the stage of immune paralysis,excessive apoptosis could result in decrease of immune cells with functional compromise.Inhibitory or regulatory immune cell subsets eventually dominate the direction of immune response and the production of inhibitory cytokines is enhanced.For clinical practice,surveillance of changes and shift in overall immune function is a basis for immunotherapy,especially to immunomodulation therapy.However,there is still a lack of adequate indexes or markers for integral evaluation of host immune state in the development of sepsis.
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Objective To investigate the clinicopathological findings of women diagnosed with breast cancer and study the impact of chronic psychological stress on the pathological characteristics of these tumors.Methods We investigated a cohort composed of women diagnosed with breast cancer and divided into two groups. One group was categorized as presenting with chronic psychological stress (by using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire − SRQ-20). Another group of women with breast cancer, but with no previous history of chronic psychological stress, comprised the Control Group. Clinical and pathological data were assessed.Results Women presenting with a history of chronic distress were significantly overweight when compared to the Control Group. Furthermore, it was observed that these stressed women also had a significant percentage of aggressive breast cancer subtype, the HER2 amplified tumor, which could be putatively associated with the loss of immunosurveillance.Conclusion Our findings suggested an interaction among chronic psychological stress, overweight, and the development of more aggressive breast tumors.
Objetivo Investigar os achados clínico-patológicos de mulheres diagnosticadas com câncer de mama e estudar o impacto do estresse psicológico crônico nas características patológicas desses tumores.Métodos Investigamos uma coorte composta por mulheres diagnosticadas com câncer de mama divididas em dois grupos. O primeiro foi classificado pela apresentação de estresse psicológico crônico (por meio do Self-Reporting Questionnaire− SRQ-20). Outro grupo de mulheres com câncer de mama, mas sem história prévia de estresse psicológico crônico, foi denominado Grupo Controle. Os dados clínicos e patológicos foram avaliados.Resultados As mulheres com histórico de estresse crônico apresentaram-se significativamente acima do peso quando comparadas com o Grupo Controle. Além disso, verificou-se que estas mulheres estressadas apresentaram um porcentual significativo de um subtipo de câncer de mama agressivo, o HER2, o que poderia estar associado à possível perda da imunovigilância.Conclusão Nossos resultados sugeriram uma ligação entre o estresse psicológico crônico, o excesso de peso e o desenvolvimento de tumores de mama com maior agressividade.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology , /metabolism , Stress, Psychological/complications , Body Mass Index , Breast Neoplasms/complications , Breast Neoplasms/psychology , Chronic Disease , Cohort Studies , Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/complications , Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/psychology , Monitoring, Immunologic , Overweight/complications , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the possible mechanisms of acute humoral rejection (AHR) after renal transplantation and the significance of early diagnosis and prevention.Methods The clinical data of 296 cases receiving renal transplantations from January 2006 to December 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. After renal transplantation,the dynamic changes of panel reactive antibodies (PRA) and donor specific antibodies (DSA) in peripheral blood were monitored by using ELISA,and C4d deposition and molecular markers of infiltrating lymphocytes in biopsy tissue were observed by using immunohistochemistry.The AHR was diagnosed according to Banff 2005 criteria and clinical related indexes. Results Among 296 patients,25 were diagnosed as AHR after transplantation with the incidence being 8.4％ (25/296).The AHR incidence after transplantation in patients positive and negative for PRA before transplantation was 23.1 ％ (6/26) and 7.0％ (19/270) respectively (P＜0.01).The DSA positive rate in the recipients with AHR and without AHR after transplantation was 80.0％ (20/25) and 6.7％ (4/60) respectively.Thcrc was significant difference in DSA and C4d positive rate between AHR and non-AHR patients (P＜0.001).By adjusting several therapies, such as the immunosuppressive program and (or) application of intravenous immunoglobulin,plasmapheresis,antithymocyte globulin and rituximab monoclonal antibody, 19 cases of AHR were reversed,and the remaining 6 cases had rupture of renal allograft due to ineffective treatment,leading to the removal of the transplanted kidney.Conclusion PRA and DSA were important for AHR after renal transplantation.Immediately monitoring of the PRA and DSA after transplantation is recommended in order to achieve the purposes of prevention,early diagnosis and rational treatment for AHR,thus improving the survival of the transplanted kidney.
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ObjectiveTo explore the effect and safety of three non-invasive immune rejection monitor techniques including intramyocardial electrogram (IMEG),tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and multiple rejection relative genes expression detection in the peripheral blood.MethodsTotally 103 well recovered heart transplant cases were recruited The IMEG,TDI and gene expression detection techniques were used to monitor the rejection.The endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) was performed routinely after 1,3,and 12 months,or with clinic severe symptom,or with obvious abnormal noninvasive monitoring results,The patients were divided into different groups and were subjected to the test of TDI and quantitative real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) technique test to observe the expression patterns of 16 immune rejection relative genes after heart transplantation.Results were also compared with those of the normal people.Results The sensitivity of IMEG was 92.9％,the specificity was 99.2％,positive predictive rate was 70.0％,and negative predictable rate was 99.8％.The routine echo can only detect the abnormality in the severe cardiac function impair.The TDI parameters in the grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ rejection group were decreased as compared with the controls (P＜0.05).The parameters Em,Sm and Tem were significantly reduced in grade ≥Ⅱ group as compared with the grade 0 or Ⅰ rejection group (P＜0.05).On the onset of acute rejection,the expression of ITGA4,FKB and IL1R2 was up-regulated,and that of PF4,ITGAM,TGF-β1and RHOU was down-regulated.ConclusionThe high negative prediction of the IMEG could be used as a non-invasive,convenient and safe monitoring technique for rejection reaction without any biopsies.It has a better correlation to use TDI and the Em,Am,Tem,Sm and Tsm could be used as the early sensentive parameters to detect the immune rejection.The real time quantitation RT-PCR methods were constructed successfully to detect the multiple immune relative genes expression and had clinic application value.
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Objective To find out the impact of different surveillance models on the quality of injury surveillance and to provide a scientific basis for improving the quality of injury surveillance based in emergency departments and based on the basic data for evaluating the quality and advancing its method.Methods On the premise of the same surveillance,process and method,the injury reports the two trained groups(part-time and full-time)filled out within one month from July 28th to August 27th in 2007 were collected.They were processed in the computer,examined,and finally compared.Results The omitted rate of PTSIS was 31.44%,higher than that of FTSIS,especially during the latter part of night when it was easier for the two models to be omitted.There was a difference in error in the report-filling:Part-time group was often found to have omitted "telephone number","the cause of injury" and "intent",while the full-time group more readily left out "injury severity","patient disposition",and "responder".The part-time group did a better job on "the mechanism of injury" and "disposition",and the integrity of their report-filling was greater than that of the full-time group by 12.84%.Conclusions The omitted rate of PTSIS is higher than that of FTSIS,while the quality of the report from PTSIS is better than that of FTSIS.Therefore in the condition of the limited resources,part-time groups' active participation in the injury surveillance should be encouraged.The full-time groups are expected to be trained for it if resources permit.
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Objective To investigate the distribution and to analyze the immunological mechanism of HBV-infected serum-type in Kunming City,China.Methods We studied all the 98462 tests of the "HbsAg,anti-HBs,HbeAg,anti-Hbe,anti-HBc" in our lab since 2000,from which we selected 426 samples that contain all kinds of serum-types of the HBV infection and 50 health samples as a control group.The HBV-DNA levels of the 426 samples were detected by real-time quantitative PCR,and the activity of ALT and AST were also detected at the same time.Results Among the 98462 samples,we found 12 kinds of HBV-infected serum-types in all,4 of which were recently found and infrequent in Kunming City(the proportions were lower than the others,P
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Objective To investigate the expression and characteristics distribution of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and its receptor during the development of retina of healthy Sprague-Dawley(SD)and Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats with hereditary retinal degeneration. Methods The expression and distribution of ciliary neurotrophic factor and its receptor were detected by immunohistochemical staining in the retinal paraffin sections of SD and RCS rats from newborn to 12 moths old. Results In the normal retina of SD rats 0-7 days after birth, positive CNTF staining was found in all of the retinal layers and the staining of ganglion cells strengthened and other cells weakened as the age of rats increased; the staining of ganglion cells reached the peak at the 4th week and lasted till the agedness. The same results of the CNTF staining were also found in RCS rats retina. Weak positive staining of CNTFR in all of the retinal layers was seen in the 0-3-day-old SD rats; the ganglion cells were darkly stained and incontinuous positive staining at the site which would develop to be the external segment was found; as the age increased, the positive staining of external segment of photoreceptor enhanced and reached the peak at the 14-28th day after birth. At the 56th day, the staining of ganglion cells in retina of SD rats was strengthened while the staining of external segment weakened till the agedness. The expression of CNTFR in retina of 3-14-day-old RCS rats was the same as which of normal SD rats basically, but the staining of external segment weakened obviously from the 21st day on, and negative staining of external and positive ganglion cells were detected at the 28th day till the agedness. Conclusions Expression of CNTF in normal SD rats and RCS rats with hereditary retinal degeneration is almost the same. The presence of significant difference of expression of CNTFR between normal SD rats retina and RCS rats retina may provide the experimental gist for the CNTF treatment to retinal degeneration.